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Environmental Protection Regulations for Domestic Licensing and Related Regulatory Functions
10 CFR Part 51 establishes environmental protection regulations for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's domestic licensing and regulatory functions. The regulations implement Section 102(2) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and apply to NRC licensing proceedings for production, utilization, and materials facilities, excluding export licensing and foreign environmental effects. Key definitions include construction activities, previously disturbed areas, and NRC organizational roles.
Specific Domestic Licenses of Broad Scope for Byproduct Material
10 CFR Part 33 establishes requirements for issuing specific domestic licenses of broad scope for byproduct material. It defines three license types (A, B, C) with varying possession limits for radioactive materials, specifies application procedures using NRC Form 313, and incorporates related regulatory requirements from 10 CFR Parts 30 and 37. OMB approval control numbers are provided for information collection requirements.
General Domestic Licenses for Byproduct Material
10 CFR Part 31 establishes general licenses for commercial, industrial, research, educational, medical, and government entities to possess and use radioactive byproduct material in detection, measurement, gauging, and control devices, as well as light and ionized atmosphere-producing devices. General licensees must maintain manufacturer labeling, conduct leakage testing at six-month intervals, comply with 10 CFR Part 30 and related provisions, and follow all safety precautions.
Specific Domestic Licenses to Manufacture or Transfer Certain Items Containing Byproduct Material
10 CFR Part 32 establishes NRC licensing requirements for manufacturers and distributors of items containing byproduct material, including accelerator-produced radioactive material and radium-226 sources. It prescribes procedures for issuing specific domestic licenses, registration certificates for sealed sources and devices, and radiation safety information requirements for products distributed to exempt persons, general licensees, and medical-use licensees.
Licenses for Industrial Radiography and Radiation Safety Requirements for Industrial Radiographic Operations
10 CFR Part 34 prescribes licensing and radiation safety requirements for industrial radiography operations using sealed sources of byproduct material. The rule mandates adherence to ALARA principles to minimize radiation exposure, requires annual refresher safety training for employees, and defines standards for radiographic equipment including exposure devices, guide tubes, and collimators. Requirements apply to all industrial radiography users but exclude medical applications.
Domestic Licensing of Source Material
10 CFR Part 40 establishes NRC licensing procedures and criteria for possession, use, transfer, and disposal of source material, byproduct material, and residual radioactive material in the United States. The regulation applies to all persons unless exempted, sets license terms and conditions, addresses physical protection of natural uranium shipments, and provides for long-term stewardship of uranium mill tailings sites.
Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities
10 CFR Part 50 establishes the NRC's licensing framework for domestic nuclear production and utilization facilities under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. It defines key regulatory terms including applicants, atomic energy, basic components, byproduct materials, and alternate AC power sources, and establishes that persons knowingly providing goods or services to licensees may be subject to NRC enforcement action for violations.
Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radioactive Waste
10 CFR Part 61 establishes licensing procedures and criteria for land disposal of radioactive waste containing byproduct, source, and special nuclear material in the United States. The regulations apply to all persons except those disposing of high-level waste, uranium or thorium tailings exceeding 10,000 kg with more than 5 millicuries of radium-226, or licensed material under Part 20. Key definitions include active maintenance, buffer zones, commencement of construction, and disposal sites.
Licensing Requirements for the Independent Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level Radioactive Waste, and Reactor-Related Greater Than Class C Waste
10 CFR Part 72 establishes licensing requirements and procedures for independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSI) and monitored retrievable storage installations (MRS) to receive, transfer, package, and possess spent nuclear fuel, high-level radioactive waste, and reactor-related greater-than-class-C waste. The regulation applies to both wet and dry storage modes, governs Certificates of Compliance for spent fuel storage cask designs, and applies to all US persons including Agreement States.
Licenses and Radiation Safety Requirements for Well Logging
10 CFR Part 39 establishes licensing and radiation safety requirements for the use of licensed materials—including sealed sources, radioactive tracers, markers, and uranium sinker bars—in well logging operations. The regulation prescribes definitions, operational requirements, supervisory standards, and compliance obligations for persons handling radioactive sources at temporary jobsites, including personal supervision, safety reviews, and cross-referenced NRC regulatory provisions.
Rules of General Applicability to Domestic Licensing of Byproduct Material
10 CFR Part 30 establishes NRC licensing requirements for domestic possession, production, transfer, and use of byproduct material, including accelerator-produced radioactive material and radium-226 sources. The regulation prescribes general applicability rules, defines licensed activities, and sets compliance deadlines for government agencies and Indian Tribes (2007–2009). It also subjects suppliers of components and services to enforcement action for violations.
Permits for Access to Restricted Data
10 CFR Part 725 establishes procedures for issuing Access Permits that authorize qualified persons to access Restricted Data related to civil uses of atomic energy, including data on atomic weapons design, special nuclear material production, and nuclear energy applications. The regulation defines permit terms, conditions, available information categories, and DOE's Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security authority to issue, amend, renew, suspend, or revoke permits.
Operators' Licenses
10 CFR Part 55 establishes NRC procedures and criteria for issuing, maintaining, and renewing operator and senior operator licenses for nuclear utilization facilities. It defines license requirements, scope of applicability to individuals manipulating reactor controls or directing licensed activities, and sets forth key definitions including operators, senior operators, simulation facilities, and performance testing standards.
Domestic Licensing of Special Nuclear Material
10 CFR Part 70 establishes NRC procedures and criteria for issuing domestic licenses to receive, own, possess, use, and transfer special nuclear material. The regulation applies to all US persons and defines key licensing requirements, relevant definitions (acute exposure, alert conditions, atomic weapons), and references related rules for spent fuel storage, uranium enrichment facilities, and physical security.
DOE Patent Licensing Regulations
DOE patent licensing regulations establish procedures for granting nonexclusive, exclusive, or partially exclusive licenses to inventions from DOE-supported research and development. The Secretary of Energy determines license grants based on U.S. national interests. The regulations define appeal rights for denied applicants, terminated licensees, and third-party objectors, with appeals filed to the Deputy General Counsel within 30 days of agency action.
Requirements for Renewal of Operating Licenses for Nuclear Power Plants
This regulation establishes requirements for renewal of operating licenses for nuclear power plants under the Atomic Energy Act. It defines key terms including current licensing basis, integrated plant assessment, and time-limited aging analyses. The rule specifies that license renewal applies to both safety-related and nonsafety-related systems, structures, and components that must be assessed for aging management to maintain acceptable safety levels during extended operation beyond the initial 40-year license term.
Standard Specifications for the Granting of Patent Licenses
This regulation establishes standard specifications for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to grant patent licenses on inventions vested in or controlled by the Commission under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. It defines NRC inventions and foreign inventions, sets procedures for license applications and electronic communications, and specifies that only written interpretations by the General Counsel are binding on the Commission.
Licenses and Radiation Safety Requirements for Irradiators
10 CFR Part 36 establishes licensing and radiation safety requirements for panoramic and underwater irradiators using sealed radioactive sources for gamma irradiation, with dose rates exceeding 5 grays per hour at 1 meter. The regulations exempt self-contained dry-source-storage irradiators, medical, radiography, gauging, and agricultural applications. Licensees must comply with additional federal, state, and local regulations on facility siting, zoning, and building codes.
Licenses, Certifications, and Approvals for Nuclear Power Plants
10 CFR Part 52 establishes the NRC regulatory framework for issuing licenses, certifications, and approvals for nuclear power plants, including early site permits, standard design certifications, combined licenses, and manufacturing licenses. The regulation defines key terms, outlines applicability to all persons involved in licensed nuclear facility activities, and specifies compliance requirements under 10 CFR Chapter I.
Certification of Gaseous Diffusion Plants
10 CFR Part 76 establishes operational and certification requirements for uranium enrichment gaseous diffusion plants at Portsmouth (Ohio) and Paducah (Kentucky) operated by USEC. The regulations protect public health and safety from radiological hazards and ensure common defense security through administrative controls, compliance plans, and NRC certification processes. The regulations expire January 8, 2027, unless extended by up to five years.
Safeguarding of Restricted Data by Access Permittees
10 CFR Part 1016 establishes requirements for safeguarding Secret and Confidential Restricted Data by access permittees under DOE oversight. The regulation defines four access authorization levels (Q, Q(X), L, L(X)) based on background investigation requirements and specifies which classifications and data types individuals may access based on need-to-know and national security considerations. Top Secret information is excluded from this regulation.
Requirements for Operating Certain Small Aircraft Without a Medical Certificate
14 CFR Part 68 establishes medical education and examination requirements for pilots operating small aircraft without holding an FAA medical certificate under § 61.113(i). Pilots must complete an FAA-approved medical education course covering self-assessments, warning signs of medical conditions, risk mitigation, medication impacts, and regulatory prohibitions. A comprehensive medical examination by a State-licensed physician using an FAA checklist is required, with results and certifications transmitted to the FAA. Pilots must certify they understand the prohibition on flying while medically unfit and authorize access to their driving records.
Registration and Marking Requirements for Small Unmanned Aircraft
14 CFR Part 48 establishes registration and marking requirements for small unmanned aircraft in the United States. Eligible aircraft must be registered with the FAA's Civil Aviation Registry unless they weigh 0.55 pounds or less and operate under Part 107 exemptions, or are U.S. Armed Forces aircraft. Registration eligibility requires ownership by U.S. citizens, permanent resident aliens, qualifying U.S.-based corporations, or government entities. Owners must provide required information to obtain an FAA Certificate of Aircraft Registration.
Aircraft Registration
14 CFR Part 47 establishes FAA requirements for registering aircraft in the United States. The regulation defines eligibility criteria, including ownership by U.S. citizens, resident aliens, or certain corporations, and mandates that aircraft owners submit an Aircraft Registration Application (AC Form 8050-1). Registration is required before operating eligible aircraft unless carrying temporary authorization or operated by the Armed Forces.
Identification and Registration Marking
14 CFR Part 45 prescribes marking and identification requirements for aircraft, engines, propellers, and related products manufactured under FAA type certificates or production approvals. Manufacturers must attach fireproof identification plates containing specified information in locations that are legible, accessible, and secure against defacement or loss during normal service or accidents.
Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification
14 CFR Part 36 establishes noise standards for aircraft type certification and airworthiness certification in the United States. It applies to subsonic transport category large airplanes, jet airplanes, propeller-driven small and commuter airplanes, helicopters, tiltrotors, and Concorde aircraft. Applicants must demonstrate compliance with specified noise limits and stage classifications (Stage 1 and Stage 2) when seeking type certificates, standard airworthiness certificates, or restricted category airworthiness certificates.
Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers
This regulation establishes the process for FAA air traffic control specialists to request waivers of the mandatory separation age of 56 years. Requests must be filed in writing with the Air Traffic Manager between 12 months and 6 months before the specialist turns 56, and must include evidence of exceptional skills, certifications, experience at multiple facilities, and shift schedules. Requests are reviewed and recommended by facility managers and regional senior executives for final Administrator approval.
Airplane Fuel Efficiency Certification
14 CFR Part 38 establishes fuel efficiency certification requirements for commercial aircraft seeking original type certification. The rule applies to subsonic jet airplanes with maximum takeoff mass exceeding 5,700 kg and propeller-driven airplanes exceeding 8,618 kg, with phased implementation beginning January 2021. Exemptions include amphibious aircraft, specialized-operation designs, and reciprocating-engine-powered aircraft.
Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73 establishes mandatory training and experience requirements for pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors operating Robinson R-22 and R-44 helicopters. Requirements include ground training covering energy management, mast bumping, low rotor RPM, low G conditions, and rotor RPM decay, plus specified aeronautical experience (200+ helicopter hours with 50+ in R-22, or 10 hours with flight instructor endorsement). Training must address autorotation procedures, emergency recovery, and rotor RPM control.
Certification: Flight Crewmembers Other Than Pilots
14 CFR Part 63 establishes certification requirements for flight engineers and flight navigators on U.S.-registered civil aircraft. It specifies eligibility criteria, medical qualification standards, certificate possession requirements, and application procedures. Foreign nationals may obtain certificates only when needed for U.S. aircraft operations, and certificates issued by foreign countries are recognized when operating within those countries.
Certification Procedures for Products and Articles
SFAR 88 establishes fuel tank system fault tolerance evaluation requirements for transport category turbine-powered airplanes with 30+ passenger capacity or 7,500+ pound payload capacity. Certificate holders must conduct safety reviews to ensure compliance with fuel tank design standards, develop necessary design changes, create maintenance and inspection instructions to prevent ignition sources, and submit reports for approval by the Aircraft Certification Service within specified compliance timeframes.
Medical Standards and Certification
14 CFR Part 67 establishes medical standards and certification procedures for U.S. airmen. It prescribes eligibility requirements for first-, second-, and third-class medical certificates, including vision standards (distant and near acuity, color perception, visual fields), application procedures through designated aviation medical examiners, identity verification requirements, and access to the National Driver Register for background evaluation.
Certification of Airports
14 CFR Part 139 establishes certification and operational requirements for U.S. airports serving scheduled or unscheduled passenger-carrying air carrier operations above specified seat thresholds. The regulation defines airport classes, the role of accountable executives, and airport safety management systems, with exemptions for alternate airports, U.S. government-operated airports, and certain Alaskan facilities. AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) is addressed as part of airport safety infrastructure.
Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity: Special Authorizations and Exemptions
This regulation establishes special authorizations and exemptions for air carriers under 14 CFR Part 206. It permits emergency medical transportation, exempts carriers from certain schedule filing requirements, allows all-cargo carriers to transport journalists on regularly scheduled flights, exempts military contract operations from tariff filing rules, and provides simplified regulatory requirements for certificated carriers operating small aircraft while maintaining key safety and reporting standards.
Notice and Approval of Airport Noise and Access Restrictions
14 CFR Part 161 establishes notice and approval procedures for airports implementing noise and access restrictions on aircraft operations under the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990. The regulation prescribes requirements for Stage 2 and Stage 3 aircraft restrictions, including notice procedures, analysis requirements, FAA review and approval processes, and definitions of key terms such as airport operators, aircraft operators, and noise metrics like day-night average sound level (DNL).
Terms, Conditions and Limitations of Foreign Air Carrier Permits
This regulation establishes terms, conditions, and limitations for foreign air carrier permits authorizing scheduled international air transportation to and from the United States. Foreign carriers must file traffic data as required by the Department, and must obtain Department approval of service schedules under specified conditions, particularly when no bilateral air transport agreement exists or when the foreign government has impaired U.S. carrier operating rights.
Applications for Permits to Foreign Air Carriers
This regulation establishes filing and evidence requirements for foreign air carriers applying for permits to engage in foreign air transportation in the United States under 49 USC 41301. It specifies applicability (excluding certain Canadian and charter operators), filing specifications including format and language requirements, verification procedures, amendment processes, and documentation standards for initial, renewal, transfer, or amendment applications submitted to the Department of Transportation.
Terms, Conditions, and Limitations of Foreign Air Carrier Permits Authorizing Charter Transportation Only
This regulation establishes the terms, conditions, and limitations for foreign air carriers operating under permits that authorize charter transportation only. Charter operations must comply with the provisions of 14 CFR Part 212.
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 120—Powered-Lift: Pilot Certification and Training; Operations Requirements
SFAR No. 120 establishes pilot certification, training, and operations requirements for powered-lift aircraft. It prescribes certificate and rating requirements for powered-lift pilots, general operating rules for all powered-lift operations, requirements for training and testing using powered-lift or flight simulation training devices, and maintenance/inspection requirements. The regulation applies to persons operating powered-lift under FAA parts 91, 135, and 136, and incorporates existing FAA regulations for pilot certification, operations, and aircraft maintenance.
Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators
14 CFR Part 119 establishes certification requirements for air carriers and commercial operators of civil aircraft in the U.S., including aircraft with 20+ passenger seats or 6,000+ lb payload capacity. It prescribes types of FAA air operator certificates, operator eligibility standards, operations specifications, management personnel requirements, and aircraft wet-leasing rules. Exemptions apply to student instruction, certain air tours, ferry flights, aerial work operations, and sightseeing flights in balloons or gliders.
Certification and Operations: Aircraft Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or More; and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft
14 CFR Part 125 establishes certification and operational requirements for U.S.-registered civil aircraft with 20+ passenger seating capacity or 6,000+ pound maximum payload capacity operating under non-common carriage. The regulation prescribes rules for aircraft operations, airworthiness maintenance, and persons on board, with exemptions for aircraft operating under other FAA parts and operators holding appropriate certificates or deviation authority from the Administrator.
Continuance of Expired Authorizations by Operation of Law Pending Final Determination of Applications for Renewal Thereof
14 CFR Part 377 implements federal law regarding the automatic continuance of expired air carrier authorizations (certificates, approvals, exemptions) while renewal applications are pending final determination. Authorizations for activities of a continuing nature do not expire if the carrier files a timely renewal application; however, authorizations with terms of 180 days or less, or those subject to termination upon uncertain future events, are excluded. The Department may determine on request whether a specific authorization qualifies for continuance and can terminate any authorization at any time as permitted by law.
Uniform System of Accounts and Reports for Large Certificated Air Carriers
14 CFR Part 241 establishes a uniform system of accounts and reports for large certificated air carriers operating aircraft with more than 60 passenger seats or 18,000 pounds payload capacity, or conducting operations outside the 50 states. The regulation defines key accounting and operational terms including air carrier classifications, cargo and ticket agencies, property acquisitions, and aircraft assignment metrics for financial reporting purposes.
License to Operate a Reentry Site
14 CFR Part 433 establishes the FAA licensing process for operating reentry sites for spacecraft. The FAA evaluates applications individually, issuing licenses when operations do not jeopardize public health, safety, property, national security, or foreign policy. Licensees must ensure reentry vehicle debris footprints remain within site boundaries and comply with NEPA environmental review requirements, including Environmental Assessments or Impact Statements as directed.
Experimental Permits
14 CFR Part 437 establishes requirements for obtaining and maintaining experimental permits to launch or reenter reusable suborbital vehicles. Permits authorize research and development, compliance demonstrations, or crew training activities and remain valid for one year with renewal options. The FAA may modify permit terms to ensure safety compliance, and permits include pre- and post-flight ground operations at U.S. launch sites.
Launch and Reentry License Requirements
14 CFR Part 450 establishes licensing requirements for launch and reentry vehicle operators. A vehicle operator license authorizes conduct of launches or reentries using specified vehicles. Launch encompasses hazardous pre-flight operations at U.S. sites and flight through payload deployment or component recovery. Reentry includes orbital activities for readiness determination and vehicle recovery. The FAA issues licenses to applicants meeting all approvals and determinations under this part.
General Requirements
14 CFR Part 402 establishes general requirements prohibiting falsification, reproduction, alteration, or material omission of documents submitted to or kept for compliance with FAA regulations. Violations can result in denial, suspension, modification, or revocation of permits, licenses, authorizations, or approvals, and civil penalties.
Petition and Rulemaking Procedures
14 CFR Part 404 establishes procedures for petitioning the FAA's Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation to issue, amend, or repeal regulations and to request waivers or licenses for commercial space launch and reentry activities. Petitions must be submitted electronically or by mail with required contact information and supporting rationale. Waivers require 60-day advance notice and must demonstrate public interest without jeopardizing safety or national security; waivers cannot permit human-occupied vehicle launch/reentry without licensing.
Organization and Definitions
14 CFR Part 401 establishes the organizational structure and definitions governing commercial space transportation regulation in the United States. The Office of Commercial Space Transportation, located within the Federal Aviation Administration, is headed by an Associate Administrator responsible for licensing, permitting, and regulating commercial space launch and reentry activities. The regulation provides standard definitions for key terms used throughout commercial space transportation regulations, including crew, payload, flight safety systems, abort procedures, and casualty areas, establishing the foundational terminology for FAA oversight of the commercial space industry.
License to Operate a Launch Site
FAA regulation 14 CFR Part 420 establishes licensing requirements for persons operating commercial launch sites in the United States. The rule prescribes application procedures, safety demonstrations, approval bases, license terms, and post-licensing compliance obligations. Applicants must meet equivalent safety standards, with exemptions for amateur rocket operations. The regulation defines key technical terms including debris dispersion, casualty areas, and coordinate systems used in launch safety analysis.