The planet is heating up more quickly than ever before. For decades, greenhouse gas emissions... The post Guest post: How a record-high ‘energy imbalance’ is driving global warming appeared first on Carbon Brief .
آخر تعديل قبل 6 أيام.
The planet is heating up more quickly than ever before. For decades, greenhouse gas emissions...
The post Guest post: How a record-high ‘energy imbalance’ is driving global warming appeared first on Carbon Brief.
المصدر
https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-a-record-high-energy-imbalance-is-driving-global-warming/الوثيقة الرسمية لدى الجهة التنظيمية. استشهد دائماً بهذا الرابط — لا بصفحة تفاصيل Vantage — في أدلة الامتثال.
The 2010 HNS Convention enters into force on 29 November 2027, establishing the first international liability and compensation regime for maritime accidents involving hazardous and noxious substances. Covering over 2,000 substances including chemicals, oils, acids, and alternative fuels transported by ~65,000 ships, it imposes strict liability on shipowners requiring certified insurance and creates an HNS Fund (capped at 250 million SDR/~USD 360 million) financed by cargo receivers to compensate victims.
The IMO adopted the MASS Code, a non-mandatory international framework effective 1 July 2026 for autonomous and remotely operated cargo ships. It establishes goal-based safety, security and environmental standards equivalent to conventional vessels, requiring compliance with SOLAS, cybersecurity measures, remote operations centres, risk assessment and human oversight. A mandatory version is targeted for adoption by 1 July 2030.
IMO, UNHCR, and ICS released a revised Rescue Guide to strengthen humanitarian and legal obligations for rescuing refugees and migrants in distress at sea. The guide provides practical procedures for safe disembarkation in accordance with international law, emphasizing the duty to rescue without discrimination and ensuring protection from refoulement, available in six languages for shipmasters and maritime agencies.