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RESourceEU Action Plan
On 3 December 2025, the European Commission adopted the ReSourceEU Action Plan to accelerate the implementation of the EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), reduce strategic dependencies, and strengthen economic security. While it supports all critical raw materials, the…
DRC-US Strategic Partnership Agreement
The Strategic Partnership Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo was signed on 4 December 2025, establishing a framework between the US and the DRC to strengthen bilateral cooperation on…
US-Malaysia Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Cooperation to Diversify Global Critical Minerals Supply Chains and Promote Investments
In October 2025, the United States and Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") concerning critical mineral supply chains. The MOU seeks to strengthen cooperation on critical mineral supply chain development, promote trade and investment, and support the transition…
US-Thailand Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Cooperation to Diversify Global Critical Minerals Supply Chains and Promote Investments
In October 2025, the United States and Thailand signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") concerning critical mineral supply chains. The MOU seeks to strengthen cooperation on critical mineral supply chain development, promote trade and investment, encourage investment that…
US-Cambodia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade
In October 2025, the United States and Cambodia signed a a Reciprocal Trade Agreement ("Agreement") that seeks to strengthen the two countries' commercial relationship. As part of this Agreement, Cambodia and the United States have agreed to certain measures regarding investment…
(Ontario) Recovery of Minerals regulation
The Recovery of Minerals regulation, entering into force on July 1, 2025, aims to facilitate the recovery of residual metals and minerals from mine waste at operating, closed, or abandoned mine sites in Ontario. Key components of the regulation include: Innovation and Economic…
Critical Minerals List for New Zealand
In January 2025, the Government of New Zealand finalised and released its first Critical Minerals List, identifying minerals essential to New Zealand’s economy and technological needs, including clean energy and international trade. The complete list of critical minerals, listed…
Geological and Minerals Development Act 2025
The Geological and Minerals Development Act (2025) establishes the legal framework for geological surveying, mapping, exploration and the regulation of artisanal, small-scale and large-scale mining in Zambia. It sets out the roles and powers of key directors within the Ministry…
US-Korea Critical Minerals Arrangement
On 29 October 2025, US President Donald Trump visited the Republic of Korea. During this visit, the two countries concluded a number of arrangements on trade, investment, energy, technology and manufacturing. Among other matters, the two countries agreed to stabilise and…
US-Argentina Framework for an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade and Investment
In November 2025, the United States and Argentina concluded a Framework for an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade and Investment ("Framework") that seeks to strengthen the two countries' trade and investment relationship. As part of this Framework, Cambodia and the United States have…
Minerals Strategy for New Zealand to 2040
The Strategy outlines New Zealand’s plan to develop its minerals sector though to 2040, with the overarching goal of doubling the value of New Zealand’s mineral exports to USD 3 billion by 2035. The Strategy is anchored by two guiding principles: Te Tiriti o Waitangi: Mineral…
Framework Act on Supply Chain Stabilisation Support for Economic Security
The Framework Act on Supply Chain Stabilisation Support for Economic Security (Act No. 19828) was promulgated on 26 December 2023 and entered into effect on 27 June 2024. The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MOEF) oversees coordination within the government for the act, in…
Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve
In 2025, the Government of Australia announced the creation of a Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve (CMSR) to strengthen the country’s economic security, supply chain resilience, and role as a reliable supplier in global critical minerals markets, including for clean energy,…
Clean Heating for All programme
| Federal and State programme to support thermal renovation of buildings (renovation bonus), and upgrade heating boilers in low-income households. The Climate Protection Ministry (BMK) subsidized the replacement of inefficient fossil-fuelled oil or gas heating system. From 2022…
Support for decarbonising the economy
The Renovation Campaign offers national funding für households to insulate their buildings to reduce energy and replace fossil heating systems to decarbonise the room heating in Austria. With the financial package of the 2023-2025 budget in Austria about 224.000 projects had…
Directive (EU) 2024/1275 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 April 2024 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive was updated in 2024 to introduce a broad range of policies to increase the rate of renovation in EU countries. The Directive also requires that all new buildings are zero-emission buildings (ZEB) from 2030 onwards. The long-term aim…
Photovoltaic subsidy programmes and other environmental subsidies
Renewable Energy Expansion Act (EAG) subsidies are investment grants for photovoltaic systems and battery storage as well as support for other technologies, including hydropower, wind energy, biomass and
Investment Control Act - ICA
Since 2020, the Investment Control Act provides a screening of investment by persons from third states outside of the European Union, the European Economic Area, and Switzerland in case of potential threats to security or public order. Foreign direct investments as defined by…
DRC ARECOMS Decision No. 004/2025 – Cobalt Quota System
On 20 September 2025, the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Regulatory and Control Authority for Strategic Mineral Substances (ARECOMS) issued Decision n°004/ARECOMS/2025, extending the suspension of cobalt exports until 15 October 2025. This suspension applies to all cobalt…
CO2-cost compensation scheme for industry
A new co2-cost compensation scheme ("Standortabsicherungsgesetz 2025") has been enacted to relieve companies exposed to increased electricity prices and a demonstrable risk of carbon leakage for the years 2025 and 2026. It is based on the European Guidelines on certain State aid…
Electricity Sector Act 2010 (ElWOG 2010)
The Electricity Security of Supply Strategy (Elektrizitäts Versorgungssicherheitsstrategie, E-VSS) was drawn up in accordance with section 88a of the Electricity Sector Act 2010 (ElWOG 2010) and identifies fields of action and measures for the long-term resilience of the…
Renewable Expansion Act
The EAG act will set framework conditions: special market premiums and investment grants supporting clean technologies. A total of one billion euros will be invested annually in the expansion of renewables by 2030, via market premiums and investment grants. Around EUR 500…
Eco-Social Tax Reform Act - Austria ETS
Austria has implemented a national emissions trading system as part of broader fiscal reforms in Eco-Social Tax Reform Act 2022 (Ökosoziales Steuerreformgesetz 2022) that also plans to reduce corporate and income tax rates. The national emission trading system covers mainly…
"Transformation Grant" of industry
€2.975 billion is available through 2030 for industrial decarbonization, including renewable hydrogen. Projects must cut GHG emissions by at least 60%, reference at least 10 ktpa CO₂, and avoid fossil fuels. Support covers CAPEX and OPEX for up to 10 years. The first round…
Hydrogen Promotion Act - WFÖG
The Hydrogen Promotion Act (WFöG) aims to promote the production of renewable hydrogen in Austria to achieve climate neutrality by 2040. USD 891 million (EUR 820 million) have been dedicated for funding of renewable hydrogen production projects through the competitive auction…
Hydrogen Promotion Act - WFÖG - Wasserstoffförderungsgesetz
The Wasserstoffförderungsgesetz (WFöG) aims to promote the production of renewable hydrogen in Austria to achieve climate neutrality by 2040. The law provides up to €820 million in funding for the construction and operation of renewable hydrogen production facilities, supporting…
Critical Minerals Facility
In 2021, the Australian government established the Critical Minerals Facility. The Facility is managed by Export Finance Australia and provides financing to projects that are aligned with the Australian Government's Critical Minerals Strategy. The Facility has been funded with…
Austrian Recovery & Resilience Plan / 3. Knowledge-based construction / Strategic innovation (hydrogen)
The Austrian Recovery & Resilience Plan consists of measures designed to tackle the Covid-related economic crisis. The plan is divided into four main pillars: 1) Sustainable construction 2) Digital construction 3) Knowledge-based construction 4) Fair construction.…
Austrian Recovery & Resilience Plan - IPCEI Hydrogen
The Austrian Recovery and Resilience Plan consists of measures designed to tackle the Covid-related economic crisis. The plan includes a EUR 250 million budget for two IPCEIs (Important Project of Common European Interest) programmes for cross-border cooperation on innovation,…
Oil Stockholding Act 2012
The Oil Stockholding Act implements the European Union’s Directive 2009/119/EC and lays out a specific legal framework concerning the protection of Austria’s energy supply by stockholding oil and other petroleum products. Importers are required to hold 25% each of the imports of…
Integrated Austrian Grid Infrastructure Plan
The Austrian Grid Infrastructure Plan (ÖNIP) depicts the outline of the Austrian hydrogen startgrid. It outlines on the basis of production, demand and flexibility assumptions new hydrogen pipelines will be needed and where existing gas pipelines can be converted for hydrogen…
Hydrogen Strategy
Austria’s Hydrogen Strategy focuses on the production and use of green hydrogen generated from renewable energy sources to decarbonize industry, energy supply, and hard-to-electrify transport sectors. Key measures include replacing 80% of the fossil-based hydrogen used in…
Environmental Promotion Act (UFG) - Industry Transformation Grant 2025
The inclusion of the "Transformation of Industry" in the Environmental Promotion Act (UFG) aims to advance the decarbonization of energy-intensive economic sectors in Austria. A total of EUR 2.975 billion is available for this funding scheme for investment grant and…
Further Development of Energy Communities
The Energy Communities 2025 funding program supports the further development of existing, active energy communities with regard to the following key areas: The expansion of the community, opening up to new participants, and awareness-raising measures relating to social and…
Saving Energy at Home: Consultation and Appliance Replacement 2025 for Low-Income Households
Funding is provided for needs-based energy-saving consultations for private households affected by poverty, as well as for the replacement of inefficient large electrical appliances with energy-efficient ones. Access to the funding and eligibility verification are carried out at…
Energy subsidies for households and companies
The Government of Austria has approved its budget for 2023 to relieve the population against soaring energy prices from 2023 to 2026 and included over EUR 5 billion in electricity and energy cost subsidies for households and companies. The support for companies includes a cap…
Environmental Protection Act - Poland carbon tax
The Poland carbon tax (Stawki opłat za korzystanie ze środowiska, as applied to GHGs) is part of the Environmental Protection Act (Prawo ochrony srodowiska), which taxes different kinds of environmental emissions such as CO2 and other GHG emissions, dust and waste. The price…
Lower Fuel Prices Package
The Lower Fuel Prices (CPN) package includes reducing fuel VAT and excise taxes, and introducing a maximum price at the pump - Poland has introduced maximum retail prices for petrol and diesel. Retailers caught selling above the cap face fines of up to 1 million zloty…
Federal Act on the Reduction of CO2 Emissions
Switzerland updated the Federal Act on Reduction of CO2 emissions to include Heavy Duty Vehicles CO2 emissions targets - in addition to the existing and updated targets for passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles. In relation to the relevant European Union baseline…
2024 Energy efficiency call for project
The Swiss government allocated funding to energy efficiency -related projects implemented by companies or
The Buildings Programme
The Buildings Programme launched in 2010 aims to significantly reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the Swiss building stock. Efforts include replacement of fossil fuels based heating systems or efficient use of thermal insulation building envelop. It is financed…
CO2 Act - Exemption from the CO₂ levy: Reduction obligation
With the start of the Swiss Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the CO2 levy in 2008, the possibility for exemption was introduced. The scheme is linked to voluntary agreements to reduce emissions under the pre-existing CO2 Law. Companies covered by voluntary agreements can…
Revision of the Energy Act: Acceleration Bill
The acceleration bill includes amendments to the Energy Act. These amendments aim to simplify and shorten the planning and permitting procedures for solar, hydropower, and wind energy installations of national importance. Among other measures, the planning process for the…
Ordinance on ensuring delivery capacities in the event of a serious shortage of natural gas
This Ordinance sets a minimum requirement of gas storage equivalent to at least 15% of the average Swiss annual consumption to the five regional gas network operators. The ordinance was last amended in 2024 to extend the obligation to 2026. It also specifies that the gas…
Revision of the CO2 Act
Article 28f has the blending quota and refers to the “Agreement between the Swiss Confederation and the European Community on Air Transport” regarding the alignment with the blending quotas from ReFuelEU Aviation. The Article also mentions that the obligation is for suppliers of…
Amendments of the Electricity Supply Act
Two changes relevant for hydrogen: Refunds for PtX systems (paragraph 4(b) and (c)): Pilot plants using renewable energy (up to 200 MW) benefit temporarily if no electricity is re-fed into the grid. Partial exemption for hydrogen storage used as electricity storage (Article 14a,…
Germany‘s Special Fund for Infrastructure and Climate Neutrality - Climate-friendly new construction (KFN), Climate-friendly new construction in the low-cost segment (KNN) and home ownership promotion for families (WEF)
Starting in 2025, programs supporting for affordable and environmentally friendly housing are funded through the Special Fund for Infrastructure and Climate Neutrality (Sondervermögens Infrastruktur und
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG 2023)
Germany updated its Renewable Energy Act (Erneuerbare-Energie-Gesetz, EEG) in 2023 to align with the 1.5 degree path of the Paris Climate Agreement. The EEG 2023 put in place more ambitious renewable expansion goals and improved the framework conditions for renewable energies.…
National hydrogen import strategy
The import strategy for hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives sets out a clear and reliable framework for the urgently needed imports of hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives to Germany. It complements Germany’s National Hydrogen Strategy. It initially assumed an import quota of 50-70…
Renewable Fuel Standard
The Renewable Fuel Standard mandates transport fuel suppliers to blend diesel with biodiesel. The minimum blending ratios are 2.5% from 31 July 2015 to 2017; 3.0% from 2018 to June 2021; 3.5% from July 2021 to 2023; 4.0% from 2024 to 2026; 4.5% from 2027 to 2029; and 5.0% from…