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Rules of Practice in Proceedings
14 CFR Part 302 establishes procedural rules governing aviation economic proceedings before the US Department of Transportation, including applications, complaints, and petitions. It defines roles of administrative law judges and DOT decisionmakers, sets forth general rules applicable to all proceedings and special rules for specific proceeding types, and specifies requirements for filing documents with the DOT Dockets office in Washington, DC.
Reports by Air Carriers on Incidents Involving Animals During Air Transport
This regulation requires U.S. air carriers operating scheduled domestic and international passenger service with aircraft designed for more than 60 seats to report incidents involving loss, injury, or death of animals during air transport. Reports must be submitted within 15 days of month-end to DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection Division and include incident details, cause descriptions, and corrective actions. Carriers must also submit annual summaries by December 31 with total incident counts and total animals transported.
Canadian Charter Air Taxi Operators
14 CFR Part 294 establishes a regulatory classification for Canadian charter air taxi operators and defines registration procedures for foreign air carriers substantially owned by Canadian citizens or the Canadian government seeking to operate non-scheduled charter air service between Canada and the United States. The regulation exempts these operators from certain Transportation Code provisions while maintaining full compliance with FAA safety standards. Operations are limited to charter services using small aircraft (maximum 30 passenger seats and 7,500 pounds payload capacity).
Airline Service Quality Performance Reports
Part 234 establishes mandatory reporting requirements for U.S. airlines to submit service quality performance data to the Department of Transportation and computer reservation systems. Airlines must track and disclose metrics including on-time arrival performance, flight cancellations, diversions, and mishandled baggage to enable consumer access to air carrier service quality information.
Inspection of Accounts and Property
14 CFR Part 240 establishes the authority of Department of Transportation special agents and auditors to inspect and examine lands, buildings, equipment, accounts, records, and papers of air carriers, foreign air carriers, and ticket agents under 49 U.S.C. 41709. Air carriers must permit authorized inspectors to examine facilities and copy documentation upon presentation of official credentials.
Uniform System of Accounts and Reports for Large Certificated Air Carriers
14 CFR Part 241 establishes a uniform system of accounts and reports for large certificated air carriers operating aircraft with more than 60 passenger seats or 18,000 pounds payload capacity, or conducting operations outside the 50 states. The regulation defines key accounting and operational terms including air carrier classifications, cargo and ticket agencies, property acquisitions, and aircraft assignment metrics for financial reporting purposes.
Direct Airport-to-Airport Mileage Records
14 CFR Part 247 establishes the official direct airport-to-airport mileage records maintained by the Department of Transportation's Office of Airline Information. These mileages must be used whenever determining direct distances between airports under federal aviation regulations and transportation law.
Travel Credits or Vouchers Due to a Serious Communicable Disease
This regulation requires air carriers operating scheduled passenger service to, from, or within the United States to provide travel credits or vouchers upon consumer request when travel is restricted by government due to a serious communicable disease, or when a licensed medical professional advises against travel per CDC/WHO guidance. The rule defines key terms including covered carriers, covered flights, and serious communicable diseases that pose serious health consequences and transmit easily in aircraft cabin environments.
Reporting Tarmac Delay Data
14 CFR Part 244 establishes reporting requirements for tarmac delay data by U.S. and foreign air carriers operating scheduled passenger service with aircraft seating 30+ passengers. The regulation defines key terms including covered carriers, tarmac delays exceeding three hours (domestic) or four hours (international), gate arrival/departure times, and airport hub classifications, creating a framework for tracking and reporting excessive delays to improve passenger protections.
Extension of Credit by Airlines to Federal Political Candidates
This regulation establishes rules for air carriers extending credit to federal political candidates and their campaign committees under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. It defines key terms including eligible candidates, federal offices, persons acting on behalf of candidates, and political committees, while requiring adequate security (bonds or collateral at 150% of credit limits) to protect air carriers from financial risk in campaign-related transportation transactions.
Passenger Manifest Information
This regulation requires covered airlines (certificated and foreign air carriers) to collect and maintain passenger manifest information for covered flight segments (those operating to or from the United States). Airlines must collect full names of U.S. citizen passengers and solicit emergency contact information. The requirement ensures the U.S. government has prompt access to passenger data in case of aviation disasters including crashes, fires, collisions, sabotage, or acts of air piracy.
Oversales
14 CFR Part 250 regulates airline oversales and denied boarding practices for US and foreign carriers operating scheduled flights with 30+ passenger seats on routes originating in the US. Carriers must minimize involuntary denials of boarding on oversold flights, first request volunteers willing to accept compensation before involuntarily denying boarding, and inform passengers of their status relative to involuntary denial risk.
Enhanced Protections for Airline Passengers
14 CFR Part 259 establishes enhanced consumer protections for airline passengers, requiring certificated, commuter, and foreign air carriers operating aircraft with 30+ seats to mitigate hardships during tarmac delays and improve accountability. The rule applies to scheduled passenger and public charter service to, from, and within the U.S., defines covered carriers and airport hub classifications, and mandates prompt refunds within 7 business days for credit card purchases and 20 calendar days for other payment methods.
Guidelines for Subsidizing Air Carriers Providing Essential Air Transportation
14 CFR Part 271 establishes Department of Transportation guidelines for calculating fair and reasonable subsidy compensation for air carriers providing essential air service to eligible U.S. locations. The regulation requires consideration of carrier operating costs, revenues, appropriate aircraft size, and reasonable profit margins when determining subsidy amounts for normal carrier selection and rate renewal cases.
Cargo Operations in Interstate Air Transportation
14 CFR Part 291 establishes regulatory requirements for cargo operations in interstate air transportation by FAA-certificated air carriers. The regulation defines applicable terms, sets forth procedures for obtaining all-cargo air transportation certificates, and mandates compliance with aircraft accident liability insurance and record retention requirements for carriers engaged in domestic cargo transportation.
International Cargo Transportation
14 CFR Part 292 exempts direct air carriers from filing cargo tariffs with the Department of Transportation for scheduled international cargo transportation. The regulation establishes procedures for tariff exemption, allows carriers to incorporate contract terms by reference in waybills with specified disclosure requirements, and provides the Department authority to revoke exemptions when in the public interest. All pre-existing cargo tariffs ceased to be effective as of March 1, 1996.
Implementation of the Consumer Credit Protection Act with Respect to Air Carriers and Foreign Air Carriers
This regulation establishes the Department of Transportation's enforcement authority over air carriers and foreign air carriers regarding compliance with the Consumer Credit Protection Act, including the Truth in Lending Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, and Fair Credit Reporting Act. Violations are enforceable through the DOT's standard enforcement procedures or civil penalties.
Navigation of Foreign Civil Aircraft Within the United States
14 CFR Part 375 regulates the admission and navigation of foreign civil aircraft within U.S. airspace, excluding those operating under foreign air carrier permits or exemptions. The regulation defines key terms such as air transportation, foreign civil aircraft, and commercial air operations, and establishes that foreign aircraft registered in ICAO member states may navigate the United States subject to applicable rules, conditions, and limitations specified in the part.
Continuance of Expired Authorizations by Operation of Law Pending Final Determination of Applications for Renewal Thereof
14 CFR Part 377 implements federal law regarding the automatic continuance of expired air carrier authorizations (certificates, approvals, exemptions) while renewal applications are pending final determination. Authorizations for activities of a continuing nature do not expire if the carrier files a timely renewal application; however, authorizations with terms of 180 days or less, or those subject to termination upon uncertain future events, are excluded. The Department may determine on request whether a specific authorization qualifies for continuance and can terminate any authorization at any time as permitted by law.
Public Charters
14 CFR Part 380 establishes regulatory framework for public charter air transportation of passengers in interstate and foreign commerce. It defines key terms including public charter operators, direct air carriers, and related entities, and specifies that public charters may operate on one-way or round-trip basis with no minimum group size. The regulation governs both U.S. and foreign public charter operators and provides exemptions from certain statutory provisions to facilitate charter operations.
Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel
14 CFR Part 382 implements the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986, prohibiting U.S. and foreign air carriers from discriminating against passengers with disabilities. The regulation requires carriers to make aircraft, facilities, and services accessible; accommodate passengers with disabilities; and provide assistive devices and dignified assistance. It defines key terms including air transportation, assistive devices, battery-powered mobility aids, carriers, automated airport kiosks, and custody of passenger equipment.
Fees and Charges for Special Services
14 CFR Part 389 establishes fees and charges for special services provided by the Department of Transportation. It prescribes fees for locating and copying records, certifying document copies, obtaining hearing transcripts, and filing aviation-related documents including tariffs and air taxi operator registrations. Payment is generally made electronically through pay.gov or by check for certain registration fees.
Guidelines for Individual Determinations of Basic Essential Air Service
14 CFR Part 398 establishes guidelines for determining basic essential air service to eligible communities under the Essential Air Service program. It defines hub classifications by enplanement percentages (large ≥1.00%, medium 0.25-1.00%, small 0.05-0.25%), specifies that service must reach one or two designated hubs based on geographic and commercial ties, and sets aircraft equipment standards requiring minimum 15-passenger capacity, twin-engine configurations with two pilots, and pressurization for high-altitude operations, with exceptions for Alaska and low-traffic communities.
Statements of General Policy
14 CFR Part 399 establishes the Department of Transportation's procedures for publishing and applying statements of general policy. It specifies which policy types are included, clarifies that statements in individual department decisions do not constitute binding policies, and notes that published policies are observed until rescinded but may be amended as conditions change. Specific policies address air carrier landing rights negotiation and exemption durations.
Indirect Air Transportation of Property
14 CFR Part 296 establishes regulatory framework for indirect air cargo carriers—U.S. citizens who arrange air transportation of property through direct air carriers or agents without directly operating aircraft. The regulation exempts indirect cargo air carriers from most Subtitle VII provisions of 49 U.S.C., while maintaining requirements for safety, nondiscrimination, record-keeping, and unfair practice prohibitions. Carriers must disclose cargo liability limits and insurance to shippers; violations may result in enforcement proceedings or civil penalties.
Submission of Audit Reports
This regulation requires U.S. air carriers subject to Part 241 to submit annual audit reports of their books, records, and accounts to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' Office of Airline Information within 15 days after the due date of their BTS Form 41 Report. Carriers must file complete copies of independent auditor reports including all schedules and exhibits, or submit a statement if no audit was performed. Reports may be withheld from public disclosure if requested by the carrier.
Essential Air Service Procedures
14 CFR Part 325 establishes procedures for designating eligible communities and determining essential air service levels under federal statute. The regulation requires DOT to conduct periodic reviews and gather input from state, local, and airport officials on air service needs, with responses due within 60 days. DOT must issue service level determinations within 6 months and conduct reviews at least every 1-3 years depending on subsidy status and location.
Civil Penalties
14 CFR Part 383 establishes civil penalty amounts for violations of Title 49, Chapters 401–421. General penalties reach $75,000 (or $1,875 for individuals/small businesses). Reduced caps apply to small entities: $17,062 for most Chapter 401 violations including anti-discrimination rules, $8,531 for section 41719 violations, and $4,267 for consumer protection violations. Penalties are adjusted periodically for inflation per the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act.
Electronic Airline Information Systems
14 CFR Part 256 establishes requirements for electronic airline information systems (GDSs, corporate booking tools, internet flight search tools) displaying flight schedules, fares, and availability. The regulation prohibits undisclosed display bias and requires systems to present flight options objectively based on user-selected search criteria without giving any carrier preference based on identity unless prominently disclosed.
International Passenger Transportation
14 CFR Part 293 establishes exemptions from tariff-filing requirements for air carriers and foreign air carriers providing international passenger transportation. The regulation categorizes country-pair markets into three categories with varying tariff-filing obligations, based on bilateral aviation agreements, price controls, and market access restrictions. Carriers are exempt from filing most passenger tariffs in Category A and B markets, with full filing requirements only in Category C markets, subject to Assistant Secretary determinations and conditions.
Foreign Air Freight Forwarders and Foreign Cooperative Shippers Associations
14 CFR Part 297 establishes registration procedures and operating rules for foreign air freight forwarders and foreign cooperative shippers associations engaged in indirect air transportation of property. The regulation exempts registered foreign indirect air carriers from certain US transportation statutes, including permitting, tariff, and rate-setting requirements, while allowing them to arrange air freight shipments and coordinate with direct air carriers.
Preservation of Air Carrier Records
14 CFR Part 249 establishes recordkeeping requirements for US air carriers, public charter operators, and overseas military personnel charter operators. Air carriers must preserve records related to financial transactions and physical operations in paper, microfilm, or machine-readable formats for specified periods. The regulation defines records broadly to include accounting documents, memoranda, correspondence, and electronic media, with provisions allowing early destruction of paper/microfilm copies after transfer to machine-readable media upon Director approval.
Smoking Aboard Aircraft
14 CFR Part 252 implements a comprehensive ban on smoking aboard aircraft operated by U.S. and foreign air carriers. The regulation prohibits smoking of tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, and similar devices producing smoke or vapor on scheduled and nonscheduled passenger flights, in all aircraft locations, and while aircraft are on the ground. Air carriers must enforce the ban through appropriate action, including monitoring lavatories, and ensure ventilation systems are fully functional where smoking restrictions apply.
Terminations, Suspensions, and Reductions of Service
14 CFR Part 323 establishes notice-filing requirements for certificated and uncertificated air carriers terminating, suspending, or reducing passenger air service to eligible U.S. locations. Carriers must file notices when actions would eliminate all service to a place, reduce service below essential air service levels, or reduce capacity by 33% or more to FAA-designated hubs within 90 days. The regulation defines key terms including certificated carriers, essential air service, and eligible places.
Review of Air Carrier Agreements
14 CFR Part 303 establishes procedures for airlines and persons to apply to the U.S. Department of Transportation for approval of air carrier agreements under 49 U.S.C. 41308 and 41309. The regulation defines key terms, outlines application filing requirements to DOT's Docket Operations Office or regulations.gov, and specifies procedures for document submission, updates, and evidentiary hearings overseen by the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs.
Exemptions for Air Taxi and Commuter Air Carrier Operations
This regulation establishes classifications and exemptions for air taxi operators and commuter air carriers from certain economic regulatory provisions under US transportation law. It defines key operational terms, specifies procedures for obtaining authority to conduct interstate and foreign air transportation, and establishes reporting requirements for commuter and small certificated air carriers operating in US territories.
Overseas Military Personnel Charters
14 CFR Part 372 establishes regulatory terms for overseas military personnel charter services provided by direct and foreign air carriers. It defines eligibility (active-duty military and DoD civilians stationed abroad, plus immediate family), permits charter operators relief from certain statutory requirements, and specifies that charters operate between the contiguous US and Alaska, Hawaii, US territories, or foreign military bases. The regulation allows unused aircraft capacity for charter operator employees and their families.
Special Event Tours
14 CFR Part 381 regulates Special Event Tours in U.S. interstate and foreign air transportation, requiring tour operators and ticket agents to possess or contractually secure admission tickets before advertising or selling tour seats. The rule extends protections to attendees of sporting events, concerts, religious gatherings, and other limited-duration special events, mandating that operators maintain sufficient tickets for a substantial portion of tour seats and prohibiting overselling beyond available event tickets.
Rules of Conduct in DOT Proceedings Under This Chapter
14 CFR Part 300 establishes rules of conduct governing parties, representatives, and DOT employees in aviation economic and enforcement proceedings. It prohibits substantive communications between DOT employees and interested parties concerning public proceedings until final disposition, with limited exceptions for legal counsel communications and internal DOT discussions. The rules apply judicial standards of ethics to DOT's quasi-judicial functions.
Staff Assignments and Review of Action Under Assignments
14 CFR Part 385 establishes the organizational framework for staff assignments and review procedures within the Department of Transportation's aviation authority. It defines key terms including petition for review, precedent, reviewing officials, and staff action; clarifies applicability to delegated functions under 49 U.S.C. Subtitle VII; outlines the scope of staff authority to grant relief and determine procedural matters; and specifies that staff action shall be documented by order or informal writing.
Disclosure of Change-of-Gauge Services
This regulation requires US air carriers and ticket agents to disclose change-of-gauge services (flights requiring an aircraft change en route despite a single flight number) to consumers through written and electronic schedule information, oral notice before booking, and written notice at the time of sale or check-in. The disclosure requirement became effective August 25, 1999, to prevent unfair or deceptive practices in air transportation marketing.
Notice of Terms of Contract of Carriage
This regulation establishes uniform disclosure requirements for scheduled air carriers operating in interstate and overseas passenger transportation. It mandates that carriers incorporating contract terms by reference must provide conspicuous notice to passengers, make full text available for public inspection at ticket offices, and provide free copies upon request. Terms must address liability limits, claim restrictions, contract modification rights, reservation rules, and service performance obligations.
Rules of Practice in Informal Nonpublic Investigations
14 CFR Part 305 establishes procedural rules governing informal nonpublic investigations conducted by the DOT's Office of the Assistant General Counsel for Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings to determine whether violations of aviation statutes and regulations have occurred. The rules authorize investigation attorneys and administrative law judges to compel disclosure of information through witness testimony and subpoenas, require testimony to be recorded and transcribed, entitle witnesses to legal representation and copies of documents, and maintain the confidential nature of proceedings.
Carriage of Musical Instruments
14 CFR Part 251 establishes requirements for U.S. air carriers to permit passengers to carry musical instruments aboard aircraft. Small instruments may be carried as cabin baggage at no additional fee if safely stowable. Large instruments may be carried in the cabin if contained in a protective case, under 165 pounds, and if the passenger purchases an additional seat. Large instruments may alternatively be transported as checked baggage subject to size and weight limits.
Air Charter Brokers
14 CFR Part 295 establishes rules for air charter brokers (indirect air carriers or agents) that arrange single-entity charter flights on large and small aircraft. The regulation grants exemptions from certain transportation statutes, defines key terms including air charter brokers, charterers, and direct/indirect air carriers, and establishes consumer protection provisions for charter air transportation services.
Implementation of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act
This regulation establishes procedures for the Department of Transportation to incorporate energy efficiency and conservation considerations into major regulatory actions, as mandated by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. DOT must include statements of probable impact on energy efficiency in relevant decisions and integrate energy conservation findings into its regulatory decision-making process alongside traditional policy factors.
Domestic Baggage Liability
14 CFR Part 254 establishes liability rules for US air carriers regarding domestic passenger baggage. Carriers using large aircraft (60+ seats) must maintain minimum liability limits of $4,700 per passenger for loss, damage, or delay of baggage in their custody. Carriers must provide written notice of baggage liability limitations or a specific federal notice to passengers. The DOT reviews liability limits biennially using the Consumer Price Index to adjust the amount.
Refunds for Airline Fare and Ancillary Service Fees
This regulation establishes requirements for U.S. and foreign air carriers to promptly refund consumers for ancillary service fees not provided, checked bag transport fees for lost or significantly delayed bags, and airfare (including nonrefundable fares) for cancelled or significantly changed flights where consumers do not accept the alternative offered. The rule defines key terms including air carriers, ancillary services, automatic refunds, and covered flights.
Basis and Scope
14 CFR Part 400 establishes the basis and scope for commercial space transportation regulations under the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984. It sets procedures for authorizing and supervising commercial space activities in the US or by US citizens, excluding government space activities and amateur rockets. The regulations detail exemptions for tethered launch vehicles meeting specific criteria including unmanned status, liquid/hybrid propulsion, propellant limits, tether safety factors, and separation distances from the public.
Disclosure of Code-Sharing Arrangements and Long-Term Wet Leases
14 CFR Part 257 requires U.S. air carriers, foreign air carriers, and ticket agents to clearly disclose code-sharing arrangements and long-term wet leases to consumers. Carriers must identify the actual operating carrier in flight itineraries, schedules, and computer reservation systems, with prominent disclosure of the transporting carrier's name to prevent unfair and deceptive practices in scheduled passenger air transportation sales.