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Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes
14 CFR Part 25, Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 13, establishes airworthiness standards and approval procedures for modifications to Douglas DC-3 and Lockheed L-18 transport category airplanes. The regulation permits increases in engine take-off power, installation of higher-displacement engines, and establishment of new maximum certificated weights, provided modifications comply with applicable Federal Aviation Administration rules and do not adversely affect flight safety characteristics.
Administrative Claims Under Federal Tort Claims Act
14 CFR Part 15 establishes administrative procedures for filing claims under the Federal Tort Claims Act against the US for injuries, deaths, or property losses caused by negligent or wrongful acts of FAA employees. Claims must be submitted on Standard Form 95 to designated FAA offices, with specific rules for who may file, amendment procedures, and timelines for FAA disposition.
Medical Standards and Certification
14 CFR Part 67 establishes medical standards and certification procedures for U.S. airmen. It prescribes eligibility requirements for first-, second-, and third-class medical certificates, including vision standards (distant and near acuity, color perception, visual fields), application procedures through designated aviation medical examiners, identity verification requirements, and access to the National Driver Register for background evaluation.
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Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration
This FAA regulation (14 CFR Part 43) establishes maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration requirements for U.S.-registered aircraft, foreign civil aircraft in common carriage, and their components. It specifies applicability limits, defines overhaul and rebuild standards, and authorizes certified mechanics and repairmen to perform these activities according to approved methods and technical data.
Investigative and Enforcement Procedures
14 CFR Part 13 establishes the FAA's investigative and enforcement procedures for violations of aviation statutes and regulations. It details authority delegation for investigations, procedures for filing violation reports and formal complaints, and the FAA's powers to conduct investigations, issue subpoenas, hold hearings, and take evidence. Complaints must be submitted in writing to the FAA's Office of the Chief Counsel and include specific details of alleged violations; subjects have 20 days to respond.
Special Air Traffic Rules
This regulation prescribes special air traffic rules for aircraft operating in the Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area. It establishes detailed geographic boundaries and altitude limits for three airspace segments (International, Merrill, and Lake Hood), defined by specific geographic coordinates, landmarks, and bearing lines from Anchorage International Airport and surrounding facilities.
Airworthiness Standards: Manned Free Balloons
Part 31 establishes airworthiness standards for manned free balloons seeking FAA type certificates. It defines balloon types (captive gas and hot air), prescribes weight limits and performance requirements including minimum climb rates and descent procedures, and requires compliance demonstration through testing or equivalent calculations across all authorized operating weights and conditions.
Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft
14 CFR Part 29 establishes airworthiness standards for transport category rotorcraft type certification. It defines Category A and B certification requirements based on maximum weight and passenger capacity, mandates safety belt and shoulder harness provisions for all occupants, and requires compliance demonstration through testing or validated calculations across applicable weight and center-of-gravity combinations.
General Operating and Flight Rules
This regulation establishes special flight rules for aircraft operating in the Grand Canyon National Park airspace up to 14,500 feet MSL. Operators must follow designated flight corridors at specified altitudes (8,000–13,500 feet MSL depending on location and direction) and avoid restricted areas, with exceptions for emergency, law enforcement, and authorized park operations. Compliance is required for both VFR and IFR operations.
Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
14 CFR Part 35 prescribes airworthiness standards for propeller type certificates and modifications. Applicants must demonstrate compliance with design, installation, and operational requirements, including propeller configuration documentation, approved installation and operation instructions, continued airworthiness procedures, and ratings/limitations for power, speed, and safety margins established through testing.
Airworthiness Directives
14 CFR Part 39 establishes the FAA's legal framework for Airworthiness Directives, enforceable rules applied to aircraft, engines, propellers, and appliances when unsafe conditions exist or are likely to develop. The regulation specifies compliance requirements including inspections and corrective actions, allows alternative compliance methods upon FAA approval, and mandates compliance for all identified products regardless of modifications.
Identification and Registration Marking
14 CFR Part 45 prescribes marking and identification requirements for aircraft, engines, propellers, and related products manufactured under FAA type certificates or production approvals. Manufacturers must attach fireproof identification plates containing specified information in locations that are legible, accessible, and secure against defacement or loss during normal service or accidents.
Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73 establishes mandatory training and experience requirements for pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors operating Robinson R-22 and R-44 helicopters. Requirements include ground training covering energy management, mast bumping, low rotor RPM, low G conditions, and rotor RPM decay, plus specified aeronautical experience (200+ helicopter hours with 50+ in R-22, or 10 hours with flight instructor endorsement). Training must address autorotation procedures, emergency recovery, and rotor RPM control.
Certification: Flight Crewmembers Other Than Pilots
14 CFR Part 63 establishes certification requirements for flight engineers and flight navigators on U.S.-registered civil aircraft. It specifies eligibility criteria, medical qualification standards, certificate possession requirements, and application procedures. Foreign nationals may obtain certificates only when needed for U.S. aircraft operations, and certificates issued by foreign countries are recognized when operating within those countries.
Aircraft Registration
14 CFR Part 47 establishes FAA requirements for registering aircraft in the United States. The regulation defines eligibility criteria, including ownership by U.S. citizens, resident aliens, or certain corporations, and mandates that aircraft owners submit an Aircraft Registration Application (AC Form 8050-1). Registration is required before operating eligible aircraft unless carrying temporary authorization or operated by the Armed Forces.
Rules of Practice for Federally-Assisted Airport Enforcement Proceedings
This regulation establishes the Rules of Practice for FAA enforcement proceedings involving federally-assisted airports. It governs FAA proceedings under various statutes including the Airport and Airway Improvement Act and Anti-Head Tax Act, defining jurisdictional scope, applicable authorities, and procedures for handling complaints and investigations related to airport operations and compliance with federal grant assurances.
Procedures for Protests and Contract Disputes
14 CFR Part 17 establishes procedures for filing and resolving bid protests and contract disputes involving FAA contracts through the Office of Dispute Resolution for Acquisition (ODRA). The regulation applies to disputes filed after October 7, 2011, and defines key terms including contract claims, alternative dispute resolution processes, and the roles of dispute resolution officers and compensated neutrals in adjudicating FAA acquisition disputes.
Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic Service Routes; and Reporting Points
This regulation designates Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace areas, air traffic service routes, and reporting points under 14 CFR Part 71. It incorporates by reference FAA Order JO 7400.11K (effective September 15, 2025–September 15, 2026) and establishes rules for aircraft position reporting, airspace overlap procedures, and ATS route classifications including jet routes, RNAV routes, and Federal airways.
Rules Implementing the Equal Access to Justice Act of 1980
14 CFR Part 14 implements the Equal Access to Justice Act by establishing rules for awarding attorney fees and expenses to eligible parties who prevail in adversary adjudications before the FAA. Eligible applicants include individuals with net worth under $2 million, small businesses and organizations with net worth under $7 million and fewer than 500 employees, and tax-exempt organizations. Awards are available for covered proceedings under 49 U.S.C. 46301-46303 unless the FAA's position was substantially justified or special circumstances make an award unjust.
Flight Simulation Training Device Initial and Continuing Qualification and Use
This regulation establishes rules for the initial and continuing qualification and use of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) used to meet aircraft crewmember certification and training requirements. It sets qualification performance standards for airplane and helicopter simulators, requires FAA-approved sponsors to maintain quality management systems for surveillance and analysis of FSTD performance, and defines compliance obligations for persons using these devices for flight training and evaluation.
Security Control of Air Traffic
14 CFR Part 99 establishes security control rules for aircraft operating in U.S. Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs) and defense areas. The regulation requires most civil aircraft to file DVFR flight plans, maintain continuous radio communication, and comply with special security instructions issued by the FAA in coordination with the Department of Defense and federal security agencies, with limited exemptions for short-range and low-speed operations.
Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
14 CFR Part 107 establishes federal regulations for the registration, airman certification, and operation of civil small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) weighing less than 55 pounds in U.S. airspace. The rule defines key terms, specifies exemptions for certain operations, and sets inspection and compliance demonstration requirements for remote pilots and UAS operators.
Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes
14 CFR Part 34 establishes fuel venting and exhaust emission requirements for turbine engine powered airplanes certified under US airworthiness standards. The regulation defines key terms and classifications for aircraft gas turbine engines (turboprops, turbofans, turbojets) and outlines compliance frameworks, including provisions for derivative engines, exemptions, and emission measurement systems aligned with ICAO Annex 16 standards.
Definitions and Abbreviations
14 CFR Part 1 provides definitions and abbreviations for Federal Aviation Regulations. It defines key aviation terms including aircraft, air carriers, airports, air traffic control, airspace concepts, and related equipment. The regulation establishes standardized terminology for regulatory compliance and operational safety across US air transportation.
General Requirements
14 CFR Part 110 establishes general requirements and definitions governing all operations under FAA subchapter G, including commercial air tours, commuter operations, domestic operations, all-cargo operations, and flag operations. It defines key terms such as direct air carrier, empty weight, and operational categories based on aircraft type, passenger capacity, and payload capacity to establish regulatory applicability.
Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification
14 CFR Part 36 establishes noise standards for aircraft type certification and airworthiness certification in the United States. It applies to subsonic transport category large airplanes, jet airplanes, propeller-driven small and commuter airplanes, helicopters, tiltrotors, and Concorde aircraft. Applicants must demonstrate compliance with specified noise limits and stage classifications (Stage 1 and Stage 2) when seeking type certificates, standard airworthiness certificates, or restricted category airworthiness certificates.
Safety Management Systems
14 CFR Part 5 establishes mandatory Safety Management Systems (SMS) for U.S. aviation operators holding Part 121/135 certificates and aircraft manufacturers with type or production certificates. SMS must include safety policy, risk management, assurance processes, and promotion; organizations must document hazards, analyze risks, implement controls, and measure safety performance. Existing acceptable SMS must be revised by May 28, 2025.
Certification Procedures for Products and Articles
SFAR 88 establishes fuel tank system fault tolerance evaluation requirements for transport category turbine-powered airplanes with 30+ passenger capacity or 7,500+ pound payload capacity. Certificate holders must conduct safety reviews to ensure compliance with fuel tank design standards, develop necessary design changes, create maintenance and inspection instructions to prevent ignition sources, and submit reports for approval by the Aircraft Certification Service within specified compliance timeframes.
Moored Balloons, Kites, Amateur Rockets, and Unmanned Free Balloons
14 CFR Part 101 establishes operational rules for moored balloons, kites, amateur rockets, and unmanned free balloons in U.S. airspace. The regulation defines applicability thresholds (e.g., balloons over 6 feet diameter, kites over 5 pounds, unmanned balloons with payloads exceeding 4-12 pounds depending on configuration), prohibits operations in restricted areas without permission, requires 24-hour FAA notice for unshielded operations above 150 feet, and mandates lighting and marking for nighttime operations. Maximum altitude is 500 feet above ground except near structures.
Registration and Marking Requirements for Small Unmanned Aircraft
14 CFR Part 48 establishes registration and marking requirements for small unmanned aircraft in the United States. Eligible aircraft must be registered with the FAA's Civil Aviation Registry unless they weigh 0.55 pounds or less and operate under Part 107 exemptions, or are U.S. Armed Forces aircraft. Registration eligibility requires ownership by U.S. citizens, permanent resident aliens, qualifying U.S.-based corporations, or government entities. Owners must provide required information to obtain an FAA Certificate of Aircraft Registration.
General Rulemaking Procedures
14 CFR Part 11 establishes general rulemaking procedures for FAA issuance, amendment, and repeal of regulations under the Administrative Procedure Act. It defines key procedural instruments including advance notices of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM), notices of proposed rulemaking (NPRM), supplemental notices (SNPRM), final rules, direct final rules, and petitions for exemption or rulemaking. The part outlines the FAA's framework for public notice and comment procedures, including circumstances for issuing final rules with request for comments without prior notice when impracticable or unnecessary.
Recording of Aircraft Titles and Security Documents
14 CFR Part 49 establishes procedures for recording aircraft titles and security documents with the FAA Aircraft Registry. The regulation applies to conveyances affecting title to registered aircraft, aircraft engines of 550+ rated takeoff horsepower, propellers of 750+ rated shaft horsepower, and spare parts maintained by certificated air carriers. Recording requires delivery to the Registry in acceptable form, proper signatures, and applicable fees. Conveyance validity is governed by the state law where the instrument is delivered.
Special Use Airspace
14 CFR Part 73 establishes the framework for Special Use Airspace, designating airspace where activities must be confined or aircraft operations restricted. It defines restricted areas with specified altitude and horizontal limits, prescribes requirements for using and controlling agencies, and mandates annual reporting by using agencies on their restricted area activities to the FAA.
Requirements for Operating Certain Small Aircraft Without a Medical Certificate
14 CFR Part 68 establishes medical education and examination requirements for pilots operating small aircraft without holding an FAA medical certificate under § 61.113(i). Pilots must complete an FAA-approved medical education course covering self-assessments, warning signs of medical conditions, risk mitigation, medication impacts, and regulatory prohibitions. A comprehensive medical examination by a State-licensed physician using an FAA checklist is required, with results and certifications transmitted to the FAA. Pilots must certify they understand the prohibition on flying while medically unfit and authorize access to their driving records.
Pilot Records Database
14 CFR Part 111 establishes rules governing the Pilot Records Database (PRD), a centralized system for accessing pilot employment and disciplinary records. The regulation applies to air carriers, operators of multi-aircraft businesses, fractional ownership programs, and public aircraft operators. It requires compliance by September 9, 2024, superseding the prior Pilot Records Improvement Act (PRIA). The PRD enables authorized users employed by covered operators to report and evaluate pilot records for employment screening purposes.
Ultralight Vehicles
14 CFR Part 103 establishes operating rules for ultralight vehicles in the United States. Ultralight vehicles are single-occupant, recreational aircraft that meet specific weight and performance criteria (unpowered: <155 lbs; powered: <254 lbs empty weight, ≤5 gal fuel, ≤55 knots airspeed, ≤24 knots stall speed). The regulation exempts ultralights from airworthiness certification, pilot certification, and registration requirements, but mandates safe operations including daylight-only flight, right-of-way compliance with other aircraft, restrictions over congested areas, and prohibited operations in controlled airspace.
Safe, Efficient Use, and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace
14 CFR Part 77 establishes FAA notice and review requirements for proposed construction or alteration of structures that may affect navigable airspace safety and efficiency. The regulation defines obstruction standards, requires notification to the FAA for certain projects, mandates aeronautical studies to assess impacts on air navigation facilities, and provides a petition process for discretionary FAA review of determinations.
IFR Altitudes
14 CFR Part 95 establishes instrument flight rules (IFR) altitudes for aircraft operating on ATS routes and other direct routes, defining key altitude designations including MEA (minimum en route altitude), MAA (maximum authorized altitude), MOCA (minimum obstruction clearance altitude), MCA (minimum crossing altitude), and MRA (minimum reception altitude). The regulation designates mountainous areas and changeover points to ensure safe navigation and continuous signal reception from ground-based navigation aids.
Airplane Fuel Efficiency Certification
14 CFR Part 38 establishes fuel efficiency certification requirements for commercial aircraft seeking original type certification. The rule applies to subsonic jet airplanes with maximum takeoff mass exceeding 5,700 kg and propeller-driven airplanes exceeding 8,618 kg, with phased implementation beginning January 2021. Exemptions include amphibious aircraft, specialized-operation designs, and reciprocating-engine-powered aircraft.
Parachute Operations
14 CFR Part 105 establishes federal regulations governing parachute operations conducted in the United States, including parachute jumps and drops. The regulation defines key terms such as approved parachutes, drop zones, and parachute operations, and specifies applicability rules with exemptions for emergency operations and military activities. It establishes requirements for equipment certification, personnel supervision, and operational procedures.
Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements for Transport Category Airplanes
14 CFR Part 26 establishes regulatory requirements for maintaining continued airworthiness and implementing safety improvements for transport category airplanes. The rule applies to type certificate holders, supplemental type certificate applicants, and airplane manufacturers, requiring development of design assessments, airworthiness directives, and Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA). Key provisions address electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) maintenance programs for turbine-powered transport aircraft with 30+ passenger capacity or 7,500+ pounds payload capacity, mandating comprehensive ICA development and review by FAA Aircraft Certification Service offices.
Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft
14 CFR Part 27 establishes airworthiness standards for type certification of normal category rotorcraft weighing 7,000 pounds or less with up to nine passenger seats. It mandates safety requirements including combined safety belts and shoulder harnesses with single-point release for all occupants (effective post-September 1992), head injury protection, and compliance demonstration through testing or calculation across all loading conditions and weight/center-of-gravity combinations.
Flight and Duty Limitations and Rest Requirements: Flightcrew Members
14 CFR Part 117 establishes flight and duty limitations and rest requirements for flightcrew members operating passenger aircraft under FAA Part 121 certificates. The regulation defines key terms including flight duty period, duty, fatigue, rest, and acclimation, and applies to domestic, flag, and supplemental passenger operations. It prescribes limits on flight time, duty periods, and minimum rest intervals to ensure flightcrew fitness for duty and aviation safety.
Remote Identification of Unmanned Aircraft
FAA regulation establishing remote identification requirements for unmanned aircraft operations in U.S. airspace. Operators must ensure aircraft broadcast required message elements from takeoff to shutdown, either through standard remote identification equipment or alternative broadcast modules. Requirements apply to registered aircraft and foreign civil unmanned aircraft, with compliance mandatory after September 16, 2023.
Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers
This regulation establishes the process for FAA air traffic control specialists to request waivers of the mandatory separation age of 56 years. Requests must be filed in writing with the Air Traffic Manager between 12 months and 6 months before the specialist turns 56, and must include evidence of exceptional skills, certifications, experience at multiple facilities, and shift schedules. Requests are reviewed and recommended by facility managers and regional senior executives for final Administrator approval.
Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Airplanes
14 CFR Part 23 establishes airworthiness standards for normal category airplanes, specifically addressing cockpit voice recorder requirements. Operators must install approved recorders that capture radio communications, flight crew voice communications, interphone system transmissions, navigation aid signals, and datalink messages on separate channels. Recorders must be powered reliably, automatically stop within 10 minutes of crash impact, and remain operable without compromising essential aircraft systems.
Standard Instrument Procedures
14 CFR Part 97 prescribes standard instrument approach procedures and obstacle departure procedures for civil airports in the United States, defining weather minimums for IFR landings and takeoffs. The regulation establishes aircraft approach categories based on reference landing speeds, defines approach procedure segments (initial, intermediate, final, and missed approach), and provides terminology and standards for helicopter and powered-lift procedures.
Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
14 CFR Part 33 prescribes airworthiness standards for aircraft engine type certificates and modifications. It requires applicants to demonstrate compliance with engine safety and performance standards, prepare instructions for continued airworthiness and operation, and establish engine ratings and operating limitations approved by the Administrator. Installation and operation instructions must detail engine mounting, connections, control instruments, operating procedures, power ratings, and safety analysis assumptions.
General Requirements
14 CFR Part 3 establishes general requirements for persons making records about type-certificated aircraft products and parts. It prohibits fraudulent, intentionally false, or materially misleading statements regarding airworthiness or acceptability for installation in advertisements and sales transactions. The regulation also addresses TSA security threat disqualifications affecting FAA certificates.