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Delay of issuance
The Canadian Energy Regulator may recommend to the Minister that an electricity export application be designated by Governor in Council order and may delay permit issuance during this process. The Commission must avoid duplicating provincial measures, consider effects on other provinces, verify the applicant offered domestic buyers fair access to available electricity at comparable terms, and account for regulatory factors.
Orphan pipelines
Under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, a designated officer may declare a pipeline an orphan pipeline if the certificate-holding company cannot be located, is unknown, insolvent, bankrupt, in receivership, or dissolved. Persons named in prior regulatory orders or authorized under Special Acts are deemed certificate holders for orphan pipeline designation purposes.
Order to reconsider
Section 193 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act grants the Governor in Council authority to order the Commission to reconsider its decisions, with discretion to specify factors for consideration and completion timelines. The Commission must report any resulting changes to its recommendations back to the Governor in Council.
Supplemental Information for Small Modular Reactor Proponents, Version 1.1
REGDOC-1.1.5 provides supplemental guidance for Small Modular Reactor (SMR) licence applicants to Canada's Nuclear Safety Commission. It establishes a risk-informed, graded approach for water-cooled and advanced reactors ranging from megawatts to several hundred megawatts, supporting licence applications for site preparation, construction, operation, and decommissioning stages.
Role of Chief Executive Officer
Section 23 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes the Chief Executive Officer's responsibilities for managing the regulator's day-to-day operations and supervising employees, while explicitly prohibiting direction of specific Commission decisions. The CEO holds deputy head rank with corresponding departmental powers, and interim executives may serve up to 90 days pending Governor in Council approval.
Conditions
Under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act section 65, the Commission, designated officers, and inspection officers have broad authority to impose any conditions they deem appropriate in decisions or orders issued under the Act.
Role of Chairperson
Section 19 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act defines the Chairperson's authority to preside over board meetings and perform assigned duties. The Vice-Chairperson may temporarily assume the role during absences but requires Governor in Council approval to act beyond 90 days.
Alternative dispute resolution
The Canadian Energy Regulator must provide alternative dispute resolution processes for disputes under the Act when all parties consent. Results are non-binding but may be considered by the Commission or designated officers in their decisions and may be made public with party consent.
Court of record
The Canadian Energy Regulator is established as a court of record with superior court powers, enabling it to compel witness testimony, demand document production, enforce orders, and inspect property. All proceedings must be handled expeditiously while maintaining procedural fairness and natural justice.
Decision by Governor in Council
Section 186 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act grants the Governor in Council authority to issue binding orders on pipeline certificate applications following CER recommendations. The Governor may approve certificates with conditions, dismiss applications, or refer recommendations for reconsideration. Orders must include written reasons demonstrating consideration of relevant factors and be issued within 90 days (extendable). Orders are final, must be published in the Canada Gazette within 15 days, and the CER must comply within seven days.
Suspension or revocation
The Canadian Energy Regulator may suspend or revoke an authorization by order if the holder requests it, consents to it, or breaches a condition. Before revoking for breach, the regulator must provide written notice and opportunity to be heard.
Construction or operation
A person must obtain a permit under section 248 or a certificate under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act before constructing or operating an international or interprovincial power line that crosses navigable waters.
Suspension of certificates
The Canadian Energy Regulator Commission may suspend energy certificates by order if the certificate holder requests suspension, consents to it, or breaches certificate conditions. Before suspending for non-compliance, the Commission must provide written notice and opportunity for the holder to respond.
Recovery of loss, etc., caused by debris
Section 302 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes strict liability for losses, damages, and costs arising from debris generated during authorized energy work. Authorization holders are liable up to $1 billion (with reduced limits in Arctic Waters), while parties responsible for debris are jointly and severally liable based on fault. Claims prioritize personal losses, then government costs, then non-use value losses (recoverable only by government).
Assets of company subject to executions
Section 341 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act clarifies that the Act does not restrict financial or legal transactions involving company assets, including court-ordered asset sales, creation of liens, mortgages, and enforcement of security interests. Such transactions remain subject to applicable provincial laws where the property is located.
Reporting Requirements, Volume I: Non-Power Reactor Class I Facilities and Uranium Mines and Mills, Version 1.1
REGDOC-3.1.2 establishes reporting requirements for Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission licensees operating Class I non-power reactor facilities, uranium mines, and mills. Licensees must submit operational compliance reports, significant event notifications, and business activity notifications using a risk-graded approach. This document consolidates and replaces four prior regulatory documents governing uranium refining, fuel fabrication, and processing facility reporting.
Recovery of fines and amounts
Section 178 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act allows prosecutors to enforce unpaid fines or court-ordered compensation by filing convictions or orders as civil judgments in any Canadian court, enabling collection through standard civil enforcement procedures.
Authorization to continue
Under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act section 51, the Lead Commissioner may authorize a departing commissioner to continue exercising regulatory powers in assigned matters until final decisions are issued, subject to conditions specified by the Lead Commissioner.
Regulations
Section 96 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes the Regulator to establish regulations governing the design, construction, operation, and abandonment of interprovincial and international pipelines and designated power lines. Regulations must address surveillance, monitoring, safety, security, and environmental protection, and require operators to maintain management systems that incorporate human and organizational factors.
Relocation
The Canadian Energy Regulator may order pipeline companies to relocate pipelines when necessary for safety, environmental protection, public infrastructure projects, or to prevent interference with drainage systems. The regulator determines cost allocation among parties, ensures procedural compliance with prior consultation requirements, and may award reasonable costs to regulatory proceeding participants.
Show cause hearing relating to waste
Under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, the Commission holds show cause hearings on applications by the Chief Conservation Officer regarding waste in oil and gas pool recovery. If waste is found, the Commission may order gas collection, processing, reinjection schemes, or pool repressurizing/recycling, and may shut in non-compliant pools unless approved schemes are operational by specified dates.
Design of Uranium Mines and Mills: Ventilation Systems, Version 1.1
REGDOC-2.5.4 is a Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regulatory guide for ventilation system design in uranium mines and mills. It establishes requirements for ventilation-related information in licence applications for site preparation, construction, operation, and decommissioning of underground and surface licensable areas, applying a risk-informed, graded approach to protect worker and radiation safety consistent with modern national and international nuclear standards.
Requirements for Renewal of Operating Licenses for Nuclear Power Plants
This regulation establishes requirements for renewal of operating licenses for nuclear power plants under the Atomic Energy Act. It defines key terms including current licensing basis, integrated plant assessment, and time-limited aging analyses. The rule specifies that license renewal applies to both safety-related and nonsafety-related systems, structures, and components that must be assessed for aging management to maintain acceptable safety levels during extended operation beyond the initial 40-year license term.
Offence and punishment
Section 99 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes criminal penalties for violating CER orders or regulations. Penalties include fines up to CAD 1 million and/or five years imprisonment on indictment, or CAD 100,000 and/or one year on summary conviction.
Licence Application Guide: Licence to operate a Nuclear Power Plant, Version 1.3
REGDOC-1.1.3 is the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission's regulatory guide for licence applications to operate nuclear power plants in Canada. It establishes requirements and guidance using a risk-informed, graded approach, requiring applicants to demonstrate qualifications and adequate safety provisions. No fuel may be loaded until the CNSC grants an operating licence.
Domestic Licensing of Special Nuclear Material
10 CFR Part 70 establishes NRC procedures and criteria for issuing domestic licenses to receive, own, possess, use, and transfer special nuclear material. The regulation applies to all US persons and defines key licensing requirements, relevant definitions (acute exposure, alert conditions, atomic weapons), and references related rules for spent fuel storage, uranium enrichment facilities, and physical security.
Regulations — compensation
Section 173 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes the Governor in Council to establish regulations governing compensation for energy infrastructure incidents. Regulations may prescribe claim deadlines, authorize interim awards and fee/expense coverage, establish damage priority classes, set compensation caps, allow payment postponement or scheduling, and provide interest provisions. Environmental non-use value damages are explicitly excluded from compensable losses.
Powers of Regulator
Section 116 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act grants the Regulator authority to establish standardized forms and short-form descriptions for violation notices, permits the Commission to designate persons to conduct regulatory reviews, and allows the Chief Executive Officer to designate officers authorized to issue violation notices.
Immediate right of entry
The Canadian Energy Regulator may issue orders granting companies immediate right of entry to lands following written application, provided landowners receive 30–60 days' advance notice detailing the entry purpose, application and access dates, regulator contact information for objections, and compensation advance details.
Disallowance
The Canadian Energy Regulator Commission may disallow tariffs or portions thereof that violate the Canadian Energy Regulator Act or Commission orders, and may require companies to file compliant replacement tariffs within a prescribed timeframe or prescribe alternative tariffs directly.
Confidentiality
The Canadian Energy Regulator or a designated officer may take enforcement measures and issue orders to ensure compliance with confidentiality and information disclosure obligations under section 58 and related regulations.
Powers of liquidators, trustees, etc.
Section 5 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act expands the definition of 'company' for regulatory purposes to include liquidators, receivers, managers, and trustees authorized to operate businesses; persons operating pre-1953 pipelines or exempted pipelines; Quebec court-appointed administrators; and successors handling abandoned pipelines.
Standard Specifications for the Granting of Patent Licenses
This regulation establishes standard specifications for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to grant patent licenses on inventions vested in or controlled by the Commission under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. It defines NRC inventions and foreign inventions, sets procedures for license applications and electronic communications, and specifies that only written interpretations by the General Counsel are binding on the Commission.
Regulations
The Canadian Energy Regulator may establish regulations designating contraventions of the CER Act, permits, orders, and conditions as enforceable violations subject to administrative penalties up to $25,000 for individuals and $100,000 for other persons. Regulations will specify penalty determination methods and service procedures.
Orders
The Canadian Energy Regulator Commission may exempt pipelines up to 40 km long, previously constructed pipelines, and associated infrastructure (tanks, compressors, storage facilities) from specified regulatory provisions. Exemption applications must be decided within 300 days of complete submission; the Lead Commissioner may exclude certain periods with public disclosure, and the Minister may grant extensions. The Commission may impose conditions on exemptions.
Licenses and Radiation Safety Requirements for Well Logging
10 CFR Part 39 establishes licensing and radiation safety requirements for the use of licensed materials—including sealed sources, radioactive tracers, markers, and uranium sinker bars—in well logging operations. The regulation prescribes definitions, operational requirements, supervisory standards, and compliance obligations for persons handling radioactive sources at temporary jobsites, including personal supervision, safety reviews, and cross-referenced NRC regulatory provisions.
Definition of document of authorization
Section 9 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act defines 'document of authorization' as regulatory instruments issued by the CER, including certificates, permits, authorizations, licenses, and orders that establish the legal framework for energy infrastructure regulation in Canada.
Instructions regarding timeliness
The Lead Commissioner of the Canadian Energy Regulator may issue procedural instructions to commissioners handling applications to ensure timely processing and resolution of matters before the Commission.
Recommendation to vary or transfer
Under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act section 191, the Governor in Council may issue orders directing the Commission to vary or transfer energy certificates as recommended, decline the variation or transfer, or direct reconsideration of the matter.
Grounds for making order
Section 109 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes inspection officers to issue orders directing persons to cease contraventions, implement compliance measures, or prevent hazards to safety, security, property, or the environment. Orders may suspend facility operations until remediation is complete, with mandatory written notice and reporting to the Commission.
Determining compensation
Section 169 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes the Tribunal's procedure for determining compensation when amending a decision on reconsideration. The Tribunal must decide whether to award compensation for compensable damage claimed, calculate amounts per regulations accounting for prior payments, and may award authorized costs. Written notice must specify compensation awarded, cost determinations, regulatory reductions, and previously paid amounts.
Variation or transfer of certificates
The Canadian Energy Regulator Commission may vary or transfer energy certificates issued under the Act on its own initiative or upon application. The Minister may direct the Commission to recommend variations or transfers to the Governor in Council if deemed in the public interest. The Commission may impose conditions necessary to fulfill the Act's purposes when varying or transferring certificates.
Jurisdiction
The Canadian Energy Regulator has exclusive jurisdiction to investigate non-compliance with the Act and authorization conditions, inquire into accidents involving pipelines, abandoned pipelines, international power lines, and offshore renewable energy projects, and issue findings, recommendations, and orders in the public interest.
Relief
The Canadian Energy Regulator Commission may grant applications wholly or partially and may impose additional or alternative relief beyond what was requested. This discretionary authority does not apply to certificate applications under Part 3 of the Act.
Role of the board of directors
Section 17 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes the board of directors' governance role, requiring it to provide strategic direction and advice to the Regulator while being prohibited from influencing specific Commission decisions or recommendations. The board may establish bylaws for its operations, with quorum defined as a majority of directors including the Chairperson.
Financial Guarantees for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities and Termination of Licensed Activities
REGDOC-3.3.1 establishes requirements for applicants and licensees of Canadian nuclear facilities to establish and maintain financial guarantees ensuring sufficient funds for safe decommissioning and termination of licensed activities. The regulation applies to Class IA/IB nuclear facilities, uranium mines and mills, and waste nuclear substances licenses under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act, superseding the 2000 guidance document G-206.
Information Dissemination: Licensing Process for Class I Nuclear Facilities and Uranium Mines and Mills, Version 2.1
REGDOC-3.5.1 outlines the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission's licensing process for Class I nuclear facilities and uranium mines and mills. All persons and companies must obtain a CNSC licence before site preparation, construction, operation, decommissioning, or abandonment of nuclear facilities, or possession, use, transport, and storage of nuclear substances under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act. Version 2.1 is an administrative update reflecting January 2022 organizational changes to the Commission Secretariat and Secretary roles.
Operations Programs for Reactor Facilities
REGDOC-2.3.4 establishes requirements and guidance for developing and implementing operations programs at nuclear reactor facilities, including conventional power plants, advanced reactors, and small modular reactors. Licensees may apply risk-informed and graded approaches proportional to facility risk profiles, based on operational experience and best practices from water-cooled reactors.
Definitions
Section 2 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes statutory definitions for federal energy infrastructure regulation, including abandoned facilities and pipelines, oil and gas exports and imports, ground disturbance thresholds for pipeline protection, and incorporates Indigenous governing bodies and knowledge in energy decision-making processes.
Paramountcy
Federal permits and certificates issued under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act, along with applicable Acts of Parliament, take precedence over conflicting provincial laws when applied to federally regulated energy projects, establishing federal regulatory supremacy.