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Waste Management, Volume I: Management of Radioactive Waste
REGDOC-2.11.1 establishes requirements and guidance for Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission licensees managing radioactive waste, including characterization, storage, and disposal facilities. The document applies to all CNSC licensees under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and is complemented by CSA N292 standards for comprehensive radioactive waste management oversight.
Reporting Requirements for Waste Nuclear Substance Licensees, Class II Nuclear Facilities and Users of Prescribed Equipment, Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices
REGDOC-3.1.3 establishes mandatory reporting requirements for Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission licensees managing waste nuclear substances, Class II nuclear facilities, and users of prescribed equipment and radiation devices. Licensees must report events, dangerous occurrences and situations within specified timeframes and submit annual compliance reports, following a risk-informed approach aligned with national and international nuclear safety standards.
Relocation
The Canadian Energy Regulator may order pipeline companies to relocate pipelines when necessary for safety, environmental protection, public infrastructure projects, or to prevent interference with drainage systems. The regulator determines cost allocation among parties, ensures procedural compliance with prior consultation requirements, and may award reasonable costs to regulatory proceeding participants.
Grounds for making order
Section 109 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes inspection officers to issue orders directing persons to cease contraventions, implement compliance measures, or prevent hazards to safety, security, property, or the environment. Orders may suspend facility operations until remediation is complete, with mandatory written notice and reporting to the Commission.
Maximum validity — liquefied natural gas
Canadian regulation setting a maximum 50-year validity period for liquefied natural gas (LNG) export licenses under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act. LNG is defined as natural gas in liquid state composed of at least 85% methane with other hydrocarbons and minor non-hydrocarbon gases.
Decommissioning
REGDOC-2.11.2 establishes Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission requirements and guidance for decommissioning Class I and II nuclear facilities, uranium mines and mills, and nuclear substance sites. It covers all phases from planning through completion, including storage with surveillance, decontamination, dismantling and cleanup to safely retire facilities while protecting human health and the environment.
Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response, Version 2
REGDOC-2.10.1 establishes emergency preparedness and response requirements for Canadian Class I nuclear facilities and uranium mines/mills licensed by the CNSC. Licensees must develop risk-proportionate emergency programs based on four components: planning basis, program management, response procedures, and preparedness. The standard aligns with IAEA guidance to prevent or mitigate effects of accidental releases.
Regulations
Section 96 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes the Regulator to establish regulations governing the design, construction, operation, and abandonment of interprovincial and international pipelines and designated power lines. Regulations must address surveillance, monitoring, safety, security, and environmental protection, and require operators to maintain management systems that incorporate human and organizational factors.
Framework for Radioactive Waste Management and Decommissioning in Canada, Version 2
REGDOC-2.11 establishes Canada's regulatory framework for radioactive waste management and decommissioning under the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. It defines radioactive waste as any material containing radioactive nuclear substances with no further use, and requires waste owners to safely manage such materials through generation, handling, processing, storage, transport, and disposal while protecting public health, safety, environment, and national security. The document provides governance overview and principles for consistent national and international standards.
Controlling Releases to the Environment
REGDOC-2.9.2 establishes Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission requirements for controlling environmental releases from nuclear facilities. Licensees must apply best available technology and techniques economically achievable (BATEA), establish licensed release limits and action levels, validate treatment system performance, and implement adaptive management when unreasonable risk is identified.
Purpose of Act
The Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes federal regulatory authority over pipelines, power lines, offshore renewable energy facilities, and oil and gas exploration and exploitation. It mandates safe, secure, and efficient construction, operation, and abandonment while protecting people, property, and the environment, regulates energy product trade, and ensures fair, transparent, and efficient regulatory decision-making processes.
Confidentiality
Section 61 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes the Commission and designated officers to issue confidentiality orders protecting sensitive information from public disclosure when disclosure poses a real and substantial risk to pipeline, power line, or offshore renewable energy infrastructure security, protective systems, or public safety.
Regulations
The Governor in Council may establish regulations governing offshore renewable energy projects and power lines, addressing safety, security, and environmental protection. Regulations may prohibit introduction of specified substances or forms of energy, establish record management and disclosure requirements, and provide arbitration procedures for disputes.
Reasonable care
Facility holders under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act must exercise all reasonable care to ensure the safety and security of persons, regulated and abandoned facilities, property, and the environment.
Regulations — compensation
Section 173 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes the Governor in Council to establish regulations governing compensation for energy infrastructure incidents. Regulations may prescribe claim deadlines, authorize interim awards and fee/expense coverage, establish damage priority classes, set compensation caps, allow payment postponement or scheduling, and provide interest provisions. Environmental non-use value damages are explicitly excluded from compensable losses.
Sentencing principles
Section 174 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act mandates sentencing principles for pipeline offences involving unintended or uncontrolled releases of oil, gas, or commodities. Courts must increase fines based on aggravating factors including harm to human/environmental safety, intentional or reckless conduct, financial motivation, prior non-compliance, and post-offence concealment or failure to mitigate. Courts must provide written reasons if declining to apply identified aggravating factors.
Orders of court
Court order provision under the Canadian Energy Regulator Act enabling judges to impose remedies on persons convicted of offences involving actual or potential unintended releases of oil, gas, or commodities from pipelines. Available remedies include operational prohibitions, environmental monitoring and audits, restoration, community service, publication of facts, notification requirements, financial penalties, compliance bonds, and educational donations, with orders valid for up to three years.
Environmental Principles, Assessments and Protection Measures, Version 1.2
REGDOC-2.9.1 Version 1.2 establishes the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission's environmental protection framework for nuclear facilities and activities. It requires environmental reviews proportionate to risk, mandates environmental risk assessments (ERAs) updated at least every five years or when significant changes occur, and specifies that licensees must demonstrate adequate environmental protection measures for facilities with direct environmental interactions.
Orders
The Canadian Energy Regulator may issue orders requiring facility holders to repair, reconstruct, or alter regulated facilities to ensure safety, security, and environmental protection. Orders can be directed at Indigenous bodies, governments, third parties, and others. Non-compliance authorizes the Regulator to take direct action or engage third parties, with liability protection for good-faith interventions.
Exemption orders
The Canadian Energy Regulator Commission may issue conditional exemption orders relieving regulated facility holders from specific regulatory provisions when necessary to ensure safety and security of persons and facilities, protect property, or safeguard the environment.
Confidentiality
Section 60 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act authorizes the Commission and designated officers to issue confidentiality orders protecting information in regulatory proceedings. Confidentiality may be granted to prevent material financial loss or competitive prejudice, to protect confidential financial, commercial, scientific or technical information when the discloser's interest outweighs public interest, or when disclosure poses real and substantial risks to safety, well-being, property or the environment.
Recommendation and delay of issuance
The Canadian Energy Regulator may recommend to the Minister that an international power line be designated by Governor in Council order and may delay permit issuance during this process. The Regulator must avoid duplicating provincial measures and must consider interprovincial effects, environmental impacts, and regulatory factors when deciding whether to recommend designation.
Statutory Instruments Act
Section 92 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act exempts orders and directions issued by the Commission, designated officers, or inspection officers from statutory instrument classification when they apply to a single person or entity, a single regulated facility, or are issued immediately for safety, security, environmental protection, or property protection purposes.
Issuance
Section 262 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act governs certification of international and interprovincial power lines. The Commission may issue certificates if satisfied the power line serves present and future public convenience and necessity, considering environmental effects, safety, Indigenous rights and consultation, health and socioeconomic impacts, and climate commitments. Decisions must be made within 300 days of a complete application, subject to Governor in Council approval within 90 days.
Issuance
The Canadian Energy Regulator may issue authorizations for offshore renewable energy projects and associated power lines. Applications must include prescribed information about proposed works, facilities, and equipment. The regulator must decide within 300 days, considering environmental effects, safety, health, social and economic impacts, Indigenous interests and rights, climate change alignment, and relevant impact assessments before imposing conditions.
Report
The Canadian Energy Regulator must prepare a report within 450 days on pipeline certificate applications, recommending approval or denial based on public convenience and necessity. The evaluation must consider environmental and cumulative effects, safety, Indigenous interests and rights, market feasibility, economic viability, financial capacity, and alignment with Canada's climate commitments.
Laws of a province
Section 252 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act establishes provincial regulatory authority over intra-provincial electricity transmission lines, granting provinces jurisdiction over location/routing, land acquisition and expropriation procedures, environmental impact assessments, environmental protection during construction and operation, and abandonment protocols.
Study and report
The Canadian Energy Regulator may issue orders requiring holders of offshore renewable energy projects or offshore power lines to conduct and report on studies addressing safety or environmental protection issues within a specified timeframe.
Designation of inspection officers
The Canadian Energy Regulator's CEO may designate inspection officers to enforce safety, security, environmental, and property protection regulations at regulated and abandoned energy facilities. All designated officers must be provided with a certificate of authority and must produce it upon request.
Impact Assessment Act
Section 185 of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act transfers certificate application authority for designated projects under the Impact Assessment Act from the Commission to an independent review panel. The panel exercises powers under sections 182-184, coordinates with energy and environment ministers, and must submit reports within Impact Assessment Act timelines.